Growing Conditions of Important food crops
There are three crop seasons in India.
• Kharif : ---- Sown in June/July, harvested in September / October e.g. – rice, jowar, bajra, ragi, maize, cotton and jute.
• Rabi : ----- Sown in October / December, harvested in April/May e.g. – wheet, barley, peas, rapeseed, mustard, grains.
• Zaid : ----- They are raised between April / June e.g. – melon, watermelon, cucumber, toris, leafy and other vegetables.
Some Important Crops and food crops
modern farming methods
1. Rice : ---- ( Temperature – Not above 35 degree C, / Rainfall – 150-300 cm, / Soil – Clayey or loams , Alluvial)
2. Wheat : ---- [ Temperature – {winter =19 – 15 degree C} {summer = 21-26 degree C} / Rainfall – 80 cm / Soil – Well-drained loams and clay loam]
3. cotton : ----- ( Temperature -- 21-30degree C, but not below21 degree C,200 frost free days / Rainfall – 50 -75 cm / Soil – Black Soil(regur) alluvial or literate soils)
4. Sugarcane : ----- ( Temperature – 20-26 degree C / Rainfall – 100-150 cm / Soil – Any type of soil that can retain moisture)
5. Jowar : ----- ( Temperature – Not below 16 degree C / Rainfall – <100 cm / Soil – Variety of Soils including clayey and sandy)
6. Jute : ----- ( Temperature – 24-35 degree C / Rainfall – 150 cm, with 90% humidity / Soil – Light sandy or clayey loams)
7. Tea : ----- (Temperature – 24-30 degree C / Rainfall – 125-375 cm,grown on hil slopes / Soil – Well drained, deep friable loams or forest soils rich in organic matter)
8. Coffee : ----- (Temperature – 15-28 degree C / Rainfall – 150-200 cm / Soil – Rich well-drained friable loams containing good amount of vegetable mould).
9. Bajra : ----- (Temperature – 25-30 degree C / Rainfall – 40-50 cm / Soil – Sandy loams red and black soils).
10. Ragi : ----- (Temperature -- 20-30 degree C / Rainfall – 50-100 cm / Soil – Red, Sandy loams and light black).
11. Pulses : ----- (Temperature – 20-25 degree C / Rainfall – 50-75 cm / Soil – Dry, light soil).
12. Rubber : ----- (Temperature – 25- 35 degree C / Rainfall – 150-200 cm / Soil – Rich well –drained soils).
13. Tabacco : ----- (Temperature – 16-40 degree C / Rainfall – 50-100 cm / Soil – Well-drained loamy soil, alluvial or black soils).