Indian Presidents List,Qualification, Election, Vacancy, Powers of The President.

Presidents of India and powers

Qualification of the President : -----

• He should be a citizen of India.
• Completed 35 years old.
• Qualified for election as a member of the Lok Sabha.
• He should not hold any offer of profit under the Union Government or any State Government or Any local authority or any other public authority.

Election of the President  (Article 54): -----

• The elected members of both the houses of Parliament.
• The elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States and Union territories.
• Nominated members do not participate in the election of the President.
• When Assembly is dissolved, the members cease to be qualified to vote in the Presidential election.
• All disputes regarding election of the president are adjudicated by the Supreme Court.
• Security deposit for the nomination as president is rs 15000 in RBI.

Term of the President and Emoluments : -----

• Under Article 56, the President shall hold office for a term of 5 years from the date on which he enters upon his office.
• If the office fall vacant by resignation removal , death or otherwise , then election to fill the vacancy should be completed within 6 months from the date of the occurrence of such a vacancy. The newly elected President remains in office for a full term of 5 years from the date he assumes charge of his office.
• Can give resignation to vice President before full-term.
• Present Salary – Income tax free Rs 1,50,000/ month (including allowance & emoluments). The pension is 50% of the salary.

 Vacancy in the President’s Office : -----

• Under Article 62 a vacancy in the President’s office can occur in any of the following ways---
• On the expiry of his tenure of 5 years.
• By his resignation.
• On his removal by the process of impeachment.
• By his death.
• Otherwise – when he becomes disqualified to hold office or when his election is declared void.
• To fill the vacancy should be completed with in 6 months.

Powers Of The President : -----

Indian President Executive Powers

• Appoints PM, ministers, chief Justice & Judges of Supreme Court & High Courts, chairman & members of UPSC, Comptroller and Auditor General, Attorney General, Chief Election Commissioner and other members of Election Commission, Governors. Members of finance Commission, Ambassadors, etc.
• He directly administers the Union Territories through the It. Governor, Commissioner or Administrator.

 Indian President Legislative Powers

• Can summon & prorogue the sessions of the 2 houses & can dissolve Lok Sabha.
• Can address both the houses jointly/separately.
• Addresses the first session after general elections and at the commencement of the first session of each year.
• Can send messages to both the houses, whether with respect to a bill pending in the parliament or otherwise.
• Nominates 12 members to Rajya Sabha.
• Nominates 2 members of Anglo-Indian community in Lok Sabha if they havenot received adequate representation.
• When a Bill is sent to the President after it has been passed by the Parliament, he can:

1. Give his assent to the bill,or
2. Without his assent to the Bill, or
3. Return the Bill (if it is not a Money Bill or a Constitutional Amendment Bill) for reconsideration of the Parliament, although only once.

• President has the power to three type veto with respect to the Bills passed by the Parliament. 1) Absolute Veto 2) Suspense Veto 3) Pocket Veto.
• Lays the report of the Comptroller and Auditor General, UPSC, the Finance Commission, and others, before the Parliament.

 Indian President Financial Power

• All money bills can originate in Parliament only on recommendation of President.
• No Demand for a grant can be made except on his recommendation.
• He can make advances out of the Contingency fund of India to meet any unforeseen expenditure.
• Appoints Finance Commission (after every 5 years) that recommends distribution of taxes between Union & State govts.

 Indian President Judicial Powers

• The President’s pardoning power comprises a group of analogous power:

1. Pardon
2. Reprieve
3. Remission
4. respite
5. Commutation

• Appoints the Chief Justice and the judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.

 Indian President Military Power

• He is the Supreme Commander of the Defense Forces of India.
• Appoints Chiefs of Army, Navy & Air Force.
• Declares wars & concludes peace subject to the approval of the Parliament.

 Indian President Diplomatic powers

• Represents country in international forums.
• Sends ambassadors & receives diplomats.
• International treaties & agreements are concluded on his behalf.