Forest Type
According to state records , the forest area covers 23.28%
of the total land area of the country.
Tropical Evergreen Forests :
·
Rainy slopes of western Ghats. NE
India except Arunachal Pradesh. Eastern part of West
Bengal and Odisha. Andaman and Nicobar
Islands .
·
Rainfall > 200 cm , Relative Humidity >
70%, Average temperature is about 24 degree C, Hot and humid climates.
·
Height of trees is 40 to 60 m, Leaves are dark
green and broad.
·
Mahoguny, Mahua, bamboo, Cones, Ironwood, Kadam,
Irul, Jamun, Hopea, Rubber Tree, Toon, Telsur etc.
Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests :
·
Eastern parts of Sahyadris (Western
Ghats ). North Eastern part of Peninsula .
Middle and lower Ganga valley.
·
100 to 200 cm rainfall per annum . Moderate
temperature.
·
30 to 40 m high trees. Due to deficiencecy of
water , they shed their leaves in spring (onset of summer).
·
Sal, Teaks, Arjun, Mulberry, Kusum, Sandalwood,
Siris, Haldi, Khair, Mango, Banyan tree etc.
Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests :
·
Large parts of Maharashtra
and Andhra Pradesh. Parts of Punjub ,Haryana and Eastern parts of Rajasthan.
Northern and Western parts of Madhya Pradesh. Tamil nadu, Southern parts of
Uttar Pradesh.
·
50 to 100 cm rainfall, moderate humidity.
·
6 to 15 m high, Roots are thick and long.
·
Teak, Sal, Bamboo, mango, Acacia, Neem, Shisham
etc.
Dry Forests
·
Rajasthan and adjoining areas of Haryana,
Gujarat, and Punjab . Rainshadow area of
Peninsular India.
·
Low rainfall (less than 50 cm per annum).
Relative humidity is less.
·
Thorny vegetation , Roots are very long, leaves
are small.
·
Cactus, Thorny bushes, Kikar, babool, Date plam,
Acacia, Khair, Euphorbias etc.
Mountainous Forests or Himalayan Forest :
·
In Himalayan region.
·
Due to increase of altitude the temperature
decreases hence Himalayan forests contain all the varieties of world except
equatorial forest.
·
Each vegetation belt occurs at relatively 300 m
more height in eastern Himalayas .
·
Sal, Teak, Chir, Deodar, Oak, olive, chestnut,
conifers, spruce and Lirch etc.